Simiiformes

Simians

Simians are a group of primates that include monkeys, apes, and humans. They are also known as anthropoids or higher primates.

Simiiformes

Simiiformes is an infraorder of primates that includes all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. The word "simian" is an adjective that means relating to, resembling, or of monkeys or apes. 

Simiiformes emerged around 40 million years ago, possibly in Asia. They have a rounded head, a mobile neck, and a large brain with well-developed cerebral hemispheres. Their face is hairless except for a few well-defined regions, and their upper lip is entire and capable of extrusion. 

Simiiformes also have Homo erectus-like traits, such as prominent browridges, a ridge along the rear of the skull, and thick braincase bones. They also have other characteristics, such as a somewhat larger brain, of later Homo species, such as Neanderthals and modern humans.

Simians vs Simiiformes => they are the same

Simiiformes is an infraorder of primates that includes all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. Simians are another name for this infraorder.

Simians are larger than "lower primates" or prosimians. They include: 

- Old World monkeys and great apes: Including humans, these are also known as catarrhines.

- New World monkeys: Also known as platyrrhines.

Simiiformes is divided into two groups: 

- Platyrrhini: New World monkeys

- Catarrhini: Old World monkeys and hominoids

The name Simiiformes means "shaped like a monkey or an ape". 

Catarrhini

Catarrhini is a parvorder of primates that includes Old World monkeys, apes, and hominids. The name Catarrhini comes from the French phrase singes de l'Ancien Monde, which means "Old World monkeys".

Old World monkeys are primates that live in Africa, Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and India. The term "Old World" refers to the geographical regions where these monkeys are native to. The North and South Americas are considered New World monkeys because they are thought to have evolved later than Old World monkeys.

Infraorder

In biological classification, an infraorder is a taxonomic category of related organisms that rank below a suborder and above a family or superfamily. An infraorder can contain one or more families. 

Here is an example of an infraorder in a sentence:

- "The present study demonstrates the great effectiveness of mt genome for inferring phylogenetic relationships at the infraorder level".